
It used Islam in a blatant divide-and-rule tactic from the time of the Raj onwards and Curtis amply demonstrates a continuous and intimate marriage of convenience between Britain and various Islamic forces over three centuries.
After Britain's long-time support of the Ottoman Empire as a bulwark against Tsarist Russia and to protect its East Indian trade routes it soonsought alternative allies once the Turks had unexpectedly entered the first world war on the side of Germany. Britain then proceeded to find a suitable and subservient proxy from among the tribal groups of central Arabia.
In the1920s it discovered Ibn Saud as an ideal candidate for leadership and gave him sole control over Saudi Arabia.
He proceeded to assert this in one of the most bloody repressions the region had experienced, killing over 40,000 Arab tribesmen and women and amputating the limbs of 350,000 more.
This led to the complete domination of the Saud family in the region to this day and assured Britain of a steady flow of oil and the family's complete support from Britain in the maintenance of its brutal and obscurantist regime.
It also led to the spread of the divisive and backward-looking faction of Islam called Wahabism - the founding ideology of modern jihad.
Throughout the region Britain has always propped up elements of the ruling classes against the democratic and nationalist aspirations of the people.
Curtis provides a long list of such tactics from Egypt, Afghanistan and Persia to Turkmenistan.
This history is little known and rarely discussed in academic circles and it will come as a surprise to many to see how Britain has meddled in Islamic affairs over such a long and continuous period.
And, although it would be foolish to blame Britain solely for the present resurgence of Islamic extremism or terrorism, it is certainly not the innocent bystander it paints itself.
Britain has continuously provided covert support to Muslim guerrilla forces to counteract the spread of Soviet influence in Persia, Turkey and Afghanistan, as well as in Kosovo.
Curtis concludes with the present day chaos in Iraq and Afghanistan, showing how Britain and the US are very much to blame for what unravelled there even before they chose to invade.
He names the "heroic" Afghan guerilla leaders who fought Soviet forces and who were backed and armed by Britain and the US only to then set up the Taliban regime and become "the enemy."
Pakistan was also given massive military and financial support over many years as a bulwark against Soviet influence in the region and to counteract India, seen as pro-Soviet and unreliable. This policy and Pakistan's involvement in Afghanistan has also contributed to the present political instability and violence there.
This is a fascinating, well written and researched book.
And it is a must-read for anyone who wishes to better understand the rise of Islamic fundamentalism and Britain's key role in its ascent.
[Source: John Green, MorningStarOnline.co.uk ]
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