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Europe’s largest intergovernmental human rights watchdog has warned that intolerance toward Islam and Muslims in Europe has been increasing in recent years and urged immediate action to stem violence against Muslims.
In a report titled “Islam, Islamism and Islamophobia in Europe,” the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) noted with deep concern that in many of the Council of Europe’s 47 member states, Muslims feel socially excluded, stigmatized and discriminated against, stressing that they become victims of stereotypes, social marginalization and political extremism because of their different religious and cultural traditions.
PACE made recommendations to the Council of Europe saying, “Discrimination against Muslims must not be tolerated in Europe, as it violates the European Convention on Human Rights.” “Freedom of religion of Muslims must be fully guaranteed, but this freedom must not be used to deny other fundamental freedoms and human rights, in particular the right to life by non-Muslims, the right to non-discrimination by women or minorities, the right to freedom of expression and the right to freedom of religion by non-Muslims,” it also added.
The report lambasted some member states where far right-wing parties have changed their traditional hostile campaign against immigration and foreigners and now exploit the public fear of Islam. The PACE report underlined: “Their political campaigns encourage anti-Muslim sentiments and the amalgamation of Muslims with religious extremists. They advocate the fear of Europe being swamped by Muslims.”
It listed political parties such as the French National Front, the Dutch Party for Freedom, the Belgian Vlaams Belang and the Swiss People’s Party, which have been very successful in running campaigns against Islam and largely contributed to the stigmatization of Muslims.
The Council of Europe assembly called on Switzerland to enact a moratorium on and to repeal as soon as possible its prohibition on building minarets for mosques, which, under Articles 9 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), discriminates against Muslim communities; the construction of minarets must be possible like the construction of church steeples, subject to the requirements of public security and town planning.
In Switzerland, the initiative against the construction of minarets was approved in November 2009 by 57.5 percent of voters and by a majority of the cantons, although the Swiss Federal Council, the Swiss Federal Parliament and most political parties argued against this ban. Consequently, the construction of minarets is no longer allowed in Switzerland, although it is still possible to build mosques and places of worship.
The report emphasized that the Swiss ban was clearly influenced by a distorted image of Islam and was directed against Islamists and their practices. “The decision to ban the construction of new minarets will not be an effective measure against Islamic extremism. It may well have the opposite effect,” it noted, stressing that the minaret itself is an architectural symbol of Islam and, similar to church steeples, indicates a place where Muslims can practice their faith.
The report further named the Dutch Party for Freedom who promoted a ban of the Quran, comparing the religious text of Islam to Hitler’s “Mein Kampf.”
“Through simplifications and negative stereotypes, these parties conveyed a distorted image of Islam,” the report said. The PACE report underscored the need for support for Muslim immigrants in member states. “Muslims should be supported by member states to integrate into European society culturally, economically and politically,” it said, stressing that, in Europe, Islam is the second largest religion. There are more than 23 million Muslims living in Western Europe, comprising nearly 5 percent of the population.
PACE also criticized the ban on religious clothing such as burqas in member states, calling on countries not to establish a general ban on the full veil or other religious clothing but to protect the free choice of women to wear or not wear religious clothing and ensure equal opportunities for Muslim women to participate in public life and pursue education and professional activities. It justified the ban, however, in cases where it is necessary for security purposes or where public or professional functions of individuals require their religious neutrality or that their face be seen.
Among other suggestions were calls to have Islam part of higher education and research in Europe in order to avoid confusion between Islam and political extremism, urging Muslims in Europe to speak out against terrorism and violence in the name of Islam in order to combat such abuses of Islam and promoting inter-religious education in member states in order to raise public awareness of the common origin and values of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. “Contacts between Muslim as well as non-Muslim Europeans and Muslims in North Africa, the Middle East and Asia should be facilitated, in particular among young people, students and teachers,” the report also stated. The PACE report will be discussed on the floor on Wednesday.
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